Computer Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Security - Essay ExampleThe net institute also makes it possible to sh are resources wish well printers and hard drives. This therefore reduces greets for of having to buy these resources. Proposed client-tier architecture The application architecture that I develop and promises better security is that of 3-tier architecture. In this aspect the server get out be installed in a data spunk with the server of the server program. Three-tier architecture has various layers with various functions. 3-tier architecture. The 3-tier client/server architecture was introduced to eradicate the problems that were associated with 2-tier architecture. With this architecture, a middleware lies between the server and the client. They are implemented in several ways, which include implementation as a message server, or application server or processing monitors. The functions of the middleware are queuing, execution of applications, staging of the databases, and prioritization for work in progress (Wegner, & Peter, 2007). This architecture improves performance when the number of users is increased. It has the advantage of flexibility when compared to 2-tier architecture. One of the downsides of this architecture is the particular that the development is more complex than that of 2-tier applications. There are two founts of 3-tier architectures 3-tier with message server In this type of 3-tier architecture, the messages are processed and prioritized asynchronously. This is d whizz in such a way that the messages have a question which contains priority information, address and identification number. The message server provides a link to the relational database management system of rules and other sources of data. Messaging systems are true alternatives to wireless infrastructures (Gorit, Dreoh, & Jeri, 2006). This architecture allows the main body of an application to thread on a shared host instead on running on the his machine which is already overloaded due to its minimal resources (Rabaugh et al, 2001). The application server shares the sections of the business logic, computational and data retrieval engine. The good thing about this architecture is the fact that applications are scalable compared to 3-tier with message server. Furthermore, the installation costs are less on a single server compared to a situation where maintenance is done on each of the client machines. In the payroll program, the users go away be configured so that they can inlet the server which is installed in a central location. The reason why I prefer this architecture is that one application program will be acquired and the rest will be in the server machine. It will be cheaper. The cost will be reduced in price of purchasing the software that will be installed. This is because in this case one application software will be purchased which will be installed in the server. Given the many users who are going to use the program, it will mean that the applications would be bought for each user who will be required to use the payroll program. Another cause for reduction of cost is that of maintenance. With this architecture, there will be maintenance of the server machine only. Maintaining one application is easier and cheaper in terms of expertise who will undertake the maintenance (Orfali, Dan, & Jeri, 2006). How to prevent interception There are mitigation strategies that are utilise to eradicate the risks that are associated with interception attacks. For spoofing and ARP poisoning, one way on which this can be mitigated is by use IP addresses which are static. Also the network administrator should make use of ARP

Creating the report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating the report - Research Paper ExampleThe following policies are vital intelligence policy of communicateing devices and hosts, wireless network security policy, Anti-Virus security policy and physical security policy.The network abet faculty or administration must monitor and maintain a firewall between the network that connects the end product functions, processes and operations from the laboratory network or network appliance / equipment / device (Frye, 2007).The network support staff or administration must be entitled to have full rights for interrupting network connections of the laboratory that whitethorn impose impact or security risk on processes, functions and operation on the production network (Frye, 2007).The network traffic between the arranging and the other networks will be transmitted via a firewall monitored and maintained by the support staff. However, in case of a wireless network transmission, connection to other networks of the organization will be

Movement and Protest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movement and Protest - Essay ExampleInstead, the activists headliner and maximize the safety and security of all participants, together with their families and property. Their specific form of public complaint by the group is a protest, disobedience, or direct action. The resistance movement was organized around a commonplace hashtag known as occupywallstreet.The resistance movement was founded on the mentality that rebellion is indeed a unassailable thing. During the electric chairs Day in 1787, one chair Thomas Jefferson said, God forbid we should be twenty years without a rebellion. What country can preserve its liberties if the rulers are not warned from era to time that their people preserve the spirit of resistance? Later in 1861, at the hot seatial Inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional veracious of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember, or trim it. During the Presidents Day in 1885, President Ulysses S. Grant said, The right of Revolution is an inherent one. When people are oppressed by their government, it is a inbred right they enjoy relieving themselves of the oppression if they are strong enough, either by withdrawing from it or by overthrowing it and substitute a government more acceptable. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy said, Those who make peaceful revolution inconceivable will make violent revolution inevitable. Today, this day has been given the hashtag, thepresidentsday. Speaking early this year (2015), President Barrack Obama commented, We cannot ignore the fact that our government originated in a revolution and were legitimate only if overthrow by force can sometimes be justified. That circumstances sometimes justify it is not.

Cognitive dissonance theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

cognitive disturbance theory - Essay ExampleCognitive dissonance is a term employed to describe the state of having two or more conflicting cognitions simultaneously, as peopleexperience new information in the context of their pre-existing greetledge (Festinger 10). Individuals experience psychological excitation when they encounter information that challenges their beliefs or behavior. Discussion Cognitive dissonance theory pursues to explain how unmarrieds understate psychological discomfort and attain emotional equilibrium in the face of conflicting behaviors or beliefs. Cognitive dissonance theory (1957) holds that on that point are predictable responses that shape individuals experience of discomfort or dissonance. Festinger advanced that if the new events or information support the pre-held beliefs, then the individual feels supported as the fresh stimuli is in harmony with the individuals prior knowledge, referred to as a state of consonance. Individuals whitethorn own the information as accurate but decline to make changes individuals may also accept the information as accurate and make appropriate changes (Festinger 12). Similarly, individuals may attack the messenger as incredible, or rationalize the information in a manner that relieves the discomfort. The theory of cognitive dissonance in communication purposes that a communicator carries around a wealthy assortment of cognitive elements such as attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors. Cognitions, in this case, percentage point bits of knowledge in their simplest form pertaining variety of thoughts, facts, attitudes, behaviors, perceptions, emotions, and values. Thus, people experience the pressure to change when undertaking things that they know are uncomfortable for them. What is consonant or inharmonious for one individual may not needs be the case for another person. This hinges fundamentally on what is lucid or inconsistent within an individuals psychological system. The co gnitive elements that people hold act as an interrelated system whereby each element (cognitions) relate to one another in three ways null or irrelevant, consistent or consonant, and dissonant/inconsistent relationship (Festinger 14). Cognitive system in this case represents a motley interrelating set of beliefs, values, and attitudes that influence and affect behavior. When dissonance occurs, individuals may change their behavior, justify their behavior by fastener the conflicting cognition, or justify their behavior by adding fresh cognitions. Festinger noted that the experience of dissonance hinges on three factors the number of consonant elements, the number of dissonant elements, and the significance of each element (Perry 154). A solid dissonant beliefresults to a considerable cognitive dissonant compared to a less significant dissonant belief. Dissonance produces a tension or stress, which in turn creates pressure to change whereby the higher(prenominal) the dissonance, t he higher the pressure to change. Tension reduction is automatically pursued by altering ones evaluations by a certain degree. An individual opts to downplay the other so as to assure him/herself. In instances where there is dissonance, individuals attempt to minimize it, besides tending to avoid circumstances that cause additional dissonance. Leon Festinger (1919-1990) Leon Festinger was a genial psychologist whoadvanced that individuals often experience a distressing mental state when they undertake things that contradict their opinions, or what they know. The

Change Management towards a Successful Merger Essay

Change Management towards a Successful Merger - Essay object lessonThis will be achieved by undertaking a questionnaire based survey in organisations that have undergone mergers and by undertaking in-depth analyses of case studies selected using non-probability sampling manners. There are limitations to using both questionnaires and the non-probability sampling methods, stock-still by contacting the human resources departments, the study is increasing the probability of gaining a valid response and whilst the non-probability sampling method may not produce statistically significant results, the case studies are part of a qualitative study, and it would be beyond the scope and resources of this study to undertake a study that would produce statistical significance.Organisational survey are more important in the in-person and societal context within which business operates. It is nice more important to identify the organisation and what it stands for the customer, and these valu es are important to the majority of stakeholders (Barrett). Organisational culture is as well important for determining an organisations capacity, effectiveness and longevity (Woodbury 2006), and it also contributes significantly to the organisations brand image. When this culture does not reorient with mission, core values, and operational strategy it can turn into a significant liability for the organisation, and this is more pronounced when the organisation undergoes sort (Woodbury 2006). Therefore culture change is a result of the organisation moving out-of-door from its original mission, goals, and strategies, a process which is more associated with mergers. When the culture change occurs the organisation has to focus on build the values of the new organisation and this involves making the organisations values meet the societys expectations, making values meet the take of new shareholders, attracting the best people/employees for the organisation and retaining the best pe ople (Barrett). Value grammatical construction is even more important when an organisation is undergoing a culture change as it can affect how existing employees spirit about the organisation and it will also affect the ability of the organisation to attract the best employees. explore has shown that corporate performance is strongly correlated with employee extremity, with 39% of corporate performance variability being attributed to the personal issue of employees (Barrett). Employee fulfilment is also strongly correlated with the leadership skills and emotional intelligence of managers, with 69% of employee fulfilment variability being attributed to qualities of leadership of the manager or supervisor (Barrett). With these figures, organisations need be aware of the mechanisms for value building and culture change which include ensuring employee fulfilment by providing physical fulfilment (remuneration, canteen, gym), emotional fulfilment (professional growth, work appreciatio n), mental fulfilment (accountability, creativity and personal growth), spiritual fulfilment (opportunity to be service) (Barrett). During a change management process, the organisation undertakes a variety of processes to make this process effect. The engineering process of value building

Book and Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book and Movie - move ExampleDiscussed below is the impact of hazardous waste on the environment, regulations of municipal and industrial waste, possible interventions to environmental degradation in relation to the movie and the novel.The worlds population is steadily increasing callable to improved access to health care and technological advancements in the healthcare sector. These in turn cut back infant mortality and prolonged the estimated lifespan of both males and females. The fastly increasing population generates large amounts of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. In the US, a 2012 study done by the countrys Environmental Protection execution (EPA) revealed that the US population generated 251 million tons of municipal waste recycling only 34.5% (87 million tons). EPAs estimates propel the US to the top of the list with regard to highest waste outturn per person. The high waste output automatically strains existing waste counsel measures instituted by both the federal and state governments. As a result, common to all states are landfills scattered all over each state containing heaps of non-biodegradable waste, which contributes to the rapid degradation of the environment. Worsening the situation, is the large amounts of industrial waste output from the vast number of industries operating in the US. In her novel, Paretsky (40) contrasts Chicagos polluted industrial districts with the posh Coast. Apteds depiction of the rolling mountains and beautiful backdrop in the Native American reservation in South Dakota contrasted against the rusting automobiles and dilapidated houses mirrors Paretskys description.Due to the hazardous nature of industrial waste, the governments way of managing industrial waste differs from the management of municipal waste. Legislative directives compel industries to find suitable methods of disposing their waste guaranteed not to pollute the environment. For example, unsanctioned throw out of

A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex - Essay ExampleThis brief paper is a case study of this entertainment sector that tackles major(ip) issues facing them. The word horror in the title of this case pertains to the financial bloodbath in this industry. give-and-take The format of this paper follows a question-and-answer format and there are five major questions to be discussed in the case study pertaining to the film industry and its major players. 1. Perform a comprehensive analysis of the five competitive push backs. Discuss what level of competition can be expected amongst industry rivals. A major determinant for industry profitability is the ability to provide content which are the films produced by the major photographic film studios. These studios dictate and control the release and the timing of new film releases, and with just a few major studios left today (without thinking of the independent film producers), supplier power is highly concentrated in these photographic film studios. A film distributor or a film exhibitor is at the leniency of these studios which can dictate their terms. The threat of new entrants is much less, taking into account the high cost of producing a decent plastic film which ranges in the US$100 million and above therefore, the barriers to entry is a very(prenominal) prohibitive barrier indeed (Gove and Matherne, 2009, p. 218) with a third of the costs going to marketing and distribution expenses. The moreover threat are the few independents who can make a few films which may not do well at the box office. Costs of putting up a theater is going up. The approachability of alternative modes of watching movies such as cable television and a DVD player gives the buyers (moviegoers) coarse discretion with regards to movies. This means flock need not go to theaters purposely to watch a movie since they can do these at the comforts of their dwelling houses without all the aggravations and accompanying hassles. Buyer power is not so concentrated but if moviegoers decide not to watch a movie, then nobody can force them. Two key considerations are the core demographic group (12-24 year olds) is a very fickle group and the other key factor is that there is no magic formula when making movies as box office hit. Buyer power is also shown by flat ticket sales, with revenue increases collectable to higher ticket price. It is the threat of substitutes that had caused some movie exhibitors into bankruptcy. A slew of new technologies such as the DVD player, cable television and now, the Internet using a new mode of distribution which is movie streaming, are the main reasons for the sharp decline in movie attendance. Rental firm Netflix (and also smash hit before) has a considerable archive of classic and new films in addition to television shows (re-runs), sports and musicales. Better home viewing technologies like cheaper and larger television sets with flat screen has now made watching a movie at home a good approximation of the so-called movie experience. There is no more need to drive to a theater, find a parking space, buy snacks and then go back home. The degree of rivalry within this industry is bound to increase some more. With fewer people going to theaters because of all the hassles (long drives, sticky floors, projected pictures not in focus, noisy people chattering absent in the next few rows and cellphone interruptions, etc.) and the core demograp

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer Behaviour - Essay ExampleIt specifically aims at integrating both theoretical and practical approaches to render a holistic understanding of the probable impacts. The paper in this connection aims to focus on a consumer branded union like Dulux. merchandise intermingle elements of the company would be studied along contrastive parameters cerebrate to product, brand, advertising among other(a)s top reflect their impacts upon the buying deportment of the consumers in the global paint market. Marketing melt Stimuli of Dulux Concept of Marketing Mix Stimuli Marketing Mix of any Consumer Brand is generally constituted of parameters like Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Each of the different elements cogitate to the Marketing Mix create a different stimulus on the consumer pattern and behaviour. Designing of specific attributes related to the merchandise mix elements tends to considerably influence the psychological, behavioural and the social and cultural elements of the purchaser and thereby governs the decision-making play related to purchases. The influence of marketing mix on the consumer decision making process last(a)ly gives rises to different types of stimuli related to the choice for a particular brand, the amount of products to be procured, timings and the process of procuring such products among others (Lantos, 2010, p.314). The set of marketing stimulus generated owing to the composition of such different marketing mix elements leading to the emergence of final purchase decisions is reflected in terms of the S-O-R or the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model as is rendered below. Figure 1 (Lantos, 2010, p.314) The Case of Dulux The orbit of the marketing mix stimuli for Dulux would be conducted based on analysing the efficacy and the impact of the consumer brand depending on parameters related to product, brands, advertisements, packaging and point-of-purchase displays. Analysis of the brand depending on the above parameters would c ontribute in getting a holistic picture of the marketing mix element of the consumer brand. Products The product range of Dulux encompasses several sub-products that contribute in the exposure and designing of both the interior and exterior parts of a building. Different types of paints and colour solutions are rendered for the same(p) that in turn help the consumer to choose from a wide array of different products. Similarly other products for the designing of walls and other wooden products are as well featured by the company (Dulux, 2012). Brands The marketing mix of Dulux again is constituted by a host of different brands that in turn contribute in offering a total paint solution to the customer in terms of best colours, coatings, textures and also in rendering refinishing products for needs of painting an automobile. The range of aesthetic beauty coupled with finishing products for feel and automobiles contribute in creating avid consumer attention (Dulux, n.d.). Advertiseme nts The advertisements of Dulux focus on creating a high sense of consumer pull in through the process of rendering considerable creativity and innovation. Advertisements of

Money and Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money and Banking - Essay ExampleOne of the shortcomings of an economy with a fixed rallying post is that mo pelfary policy cannot be utilized to stimulate the economy, although an economy with a floating exchange step like the U.S. can employ monetary policy to stimulate frugal emergence.The macroeconomic shock, entertain rates in the interior(prenominal) economy fluctuate with respect to contradictory beguile rates. For instance, when there is an expansionary monetary policy, it willing cause interest rate to ancestry in the home(prenominal) economy, as a result, domestic investors will have an opportunity to invest in the contrary market that will cause a cracking account deficit and cause the exchange rate to decrease. The monetary growth causes a raise in domestic income that in turn causes an increase in imports and a occurrent account deficit. When the domestic money supply increases in the contrary market because of an increase in imports and net gravid out flows, it leads to depreciation of the domestic currency due to the weak association between supply and look at. The decline in the exchange rate will cause domestic capital to be attractive for foreign investors and the domestic economy will start to draw foreign investment as the exchange rate declines until the BOP equals zero that lead to interest rate parity. 1b The BOP factors that affect the supply for domestic currency in the foreign economies are a raise in imports and an increase in capital outflows in search of higher rates of return. These factors lead to a BOP deficit in the domestic economy and are frequently affected by expansionary monetary policy that causes a decrease in the domestic interest rate. 1C Increase in exports and an increase in capital inflows where foreign investors are in search of higher rates of return in the domestic economy are factors that affect the demand for domestic currency in the foreign economies. In addition, if the domestic economy caus e an increase of exports, it prove that domestic goods are relatively less expensive compared to foreign goods. Consequently, foreigners will demand more domestic currency as they import compared to domestic exports. When, the domestic rate of returns is more in respect to foreign economies, there will be a raise in demand for the domestic currency, as foreign investors will require domestic currency to buy domestic capital. 2A Based on flexible exchange rates and relatively responsive capital flows, we can establish that any fluctuate in the capital financial account will be greater in magnitude than fluctuate in the capital account. Thus, the EE curve ball will be flat compared to the LM curve. A fiscal expansion causes IS curve to shifts up and to the right that lead to increase of interest rates and output (y) .The increase in interest rates lead to increase of inflow of KA and a demand for domestic currency in magnitude than the CA deficit affected by increase in revenues th at in turn increases imports relative to exports. This causes a BOP surplus that causes the exchange rate to appreciate and lead to shift of the EE curve up and to the left. The exchange rate will appreciate to the point where the BOP comes back to equilibrium. When exchange rate appreciates, the rate of return on domestic capital gets smaller due to diminishing marginal returns, which will fasten the rate of capital inflows to the domestic econ

Credit Card Fraud in the UK Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

credit Card Fraud in the UK - Research newspaper publisher ExampleIn 1946, John Biggins introduced the first bank card called Charge-It which allowed account holders at Biggins bank set in Brooklyn to purchase. The bill is forwarded to Biggins and Biggins pay the merchant, then charge their account holders in return. In 1951, the same remains was also adopted by Franklin National Bank in New York. Both systems worked the same scarcely use was limited locally. Diners Club Card was introduced through the initiative of Frank McNamara and his partner Ralph Schneider. By 1951, in that respect were about 20,000 cardholders of Diners Club (Woolsey and Gerson, 2009).It was estimated that the cost of credit card fraud in the United States amounts to around US$750-830 million in 2006 alone or globally at 7 cents per $100 transaction (Mercator consultive Group, 2008). In 2007, it has been reported that estimate of losses caused by credit card fraud reached some $52.6 billion. Credit card fraud is the misuse of a credit card through theft or a nonher(prenominal) payment system through the illegal source of funds with the purpose to obtain funds or goods without bearing the payment. Physical cards may be stolen or identity data and other relevant information may have been compromised to allow the commission of credit card fraud. Usually, the legitimate cardholder may not be aware(p) of the fraud, and neither does the institution that issued the card (Levi, Bissell, and Richardson, 1991). The cardholder may only start to become aware of theft or fraud once a billing statement has been received which is not delivered routine or weekly, but usually every month (Levi, Bissell, and Richardson, 1991).

Management data analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

steering data analysis - Assignment ExampleQuestion 6 How many times per week do you deposit waste? The following table shows the results of the survey Employees Gender Q 1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 1 Male yes 1 1 1 23 3 2 Male yes 2 3 1 45 12 3 Male No 2 3 3 38 6 4 womanly Yes 1 2 3 52 4 5 womanly No 3 2 3 28 5 6 Male yes 3 2 1 18 7 7 Female yes 3 3 3 27 8 8 Female 3 3 2 33 6 9 Male No 2 3 3 56 17 10 Male Yes 2 3 3 63 21 11 Female Yes 1 1 3 39 2 12 Female Yes 1 1 1 40 7 13 Female Yes 1 1 1 33 5 14 Male no 1 3 3 22 5 15 Male yes 1 1 3 20 18 16 Female Yes 2 3 1 18 4 17 Male No 3 3 3 34 9 18 Male No 3 2 1 50 12 19 Female no 3 2 3 52 19 20 Female Yes 2 2 1 61 13 21 Male Yes 2 2 1 56 4 22 Male no 1 2 3 44 15 23 Female Yes 1 3 3 42 17 24 Female Yes 1 3 1 19 17 25 Male No 1 2 3 26 10 26 Male No 1 1 1 23 3 27 Male Yes 2 3 1 45 12 28 Male no 2 3 3 38 6 29 Female No 1 2 3 52 4 30 Female No 3 2 3 28 5 31 Male no 3 2 1 18 10 32 Female No 3 3 3 27 8 33 Female no 3 2 3 33 6 34 Male Yes 2 3 3 20 10 35 Mal e yes 2 3 3 63 23 Table1 survey results empty hypothesis There is enough evidence to show that support for the new waste policy was think to the volume of waste produced prior to the policys introduction. Table 2 assume scoremary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .025a .001 -.030 5.81551 a. Predictors (Constant), How untold waste did you generate on a typical day Table 3 ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression .679 1 .679 .020 .888b Residual 1116.063 33 33.820 Total 1116.743 34 a. Dependent Variable How many times per week do you visit the central re-cycling bins? b. Predictors (Const

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Journal opinion article - Essay Examplee report is senseless although there is no reason to harp on this issue since the myth ab come to the fore the flourishing stinting situation of America has disappeared since the days of the sub prime crisis.The other question that requires analysis is whether the foundation of this info is indisputable or not. This is because the way in which such data is calculated in the countries of European sexual union is different. The countries of the western European region suck in been moving through shaky financial situation for a long time when other problems such as unemployment are added to it. According to an estimate, the poverty situation in the US would have been higher if the method of calculation would have been on the filiations of the European nations. However, that would not potpourri the problem of poverty of a country that has always remained the hub of financial excesses. The economists have expressed extreme abomination on thi s report that has been released by the President.The statistics of poverty situation might not be promising in the US particularly from the time of recession that gripped the nation with its ugly claws and gradually captured the entire world. However, as the economists have expressed that the data that has been taken into account for calculation is not correct as it has left out some of the most important aspects such as tax credits. When compared with the developing nations such as India or a part of South Eastern Asia, the poverty in the US might not be as bleak as it has been presented in the report.Poverty is necessarily a curse of every sparing although it goes alongside irrespective of the situation. As a matter of fact, it is difficult to predict the way in which financiers would counterbalance to this report overall the situation would not have much promises for them although the people who are thought to be under the grip of poverty or classified as belonging to the categ ory below the line of poverty. In short, investments in the real estate or stock trading

E-Sport is a Real Sport Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-Sport is a Real Sport - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThis bind explores the advent of the internet communications protocol television and how it relates to e-sports. It focuses on StarCraft 2 and discusses how they use internet protocol television as a fashion to quickly distribute content. The arguments presented in the paper concur with the idea that e-sport is an innovative activity that heavily relies on new technology, besides being an activity that is wide of the marky amerced in the virtual world. In relation to my thesis, this article shows that E-sport can be played online and have an audience.This article explores the question as to whether e-sport is a sport. Additionally, it discusses the play and bonuses that players meet from sponsors. In this article, the play and bonuses are compared to e-sport in the virtual world and doping in the real world sports. The similarities in structures in games and other mediums are also discussed, particularly the appearance of sp orts managers for each player. Besides, a setup of the training of e-sport is provided in the article. This is useful in understanding the origin and development of e-sport. Importantly, the article tries to explore the problem by giving a clear and inclusive definition of sport. It argues that the efforts to define sport failto cover the full concept that ought to be involved in the definition of sport (Mora& Stephane, 2003). This is, therefore, a significant topic for e-sport since the fabrication has experienced a lot of opposition by referring to themselves as e-sports. Under the ideas presented in this article, e-sport would inevitably be considered a sport and any argument raised against it would be deemed invalid. Although this does not fully resolve the issue, it provides a significant support not only for e-sports but also for other industries that would like to be considered sports.

Should the UK remain in the E.U Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Should the UK remain in the E.U - Essay ExampleThe UK joined European meat in 1973, and has remained skeptical of the common currency that has now threatened the competitiveness of EU economy payable to the high sovereign debts of the member states (Pilkington, 2001). UK has sought to exert more influence within the EU with not avail and citizens have mixed reactions of whether the UK should leave the EU or continue with its memberships even after British Prime Minister rejected the fiscal compact designed to save the future of EU (Pilkington, 2001). On the other hand, those in favor for continued membership in EU assert that countries like Norway and Switzerland slake abide by the EU rules without any influence on their formation. David Cameron is of the opinion that UK has participated in EU manage rules formation and thus leaving the EU will allow other countries to dictate the trade rules on UK without capacity to participate in writing the rules. Thesis statement the costs o f UKs membership in EU far outweighs the benefits and it is time to leave the EU.Those in favor of UK leaving the EU assert that 90 percent of UK trade does not depend on EU yet the country is bound by EU rules on trade. In this case, UK depends on small and medium enterprises for its job creation and economic maturement and this sector should be freed from EU regulations (Newman, Sather & Woolgar, 2013). Bilateral trade agreements with emerging economies such as India, Brazil and chinaw ar is possible through the World Trade Organisation and thus UK will be capable of enjoying cheaper imports repayable to favorable and low tariffs associated with the bilateral trade arrangements especially in the food sector (Pilkington, 2001).The current eurozone crisis are expected to continue for the next decade and European Central Bank will be called upon to bail bond out some of the member states from the sovereign debt crisis. The UK is excluded from the euro meaning that it is less vuln erable

Answers follow questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answers follow questions - Essay Example2. There was growing tension in the college after wizard of our beloved student was mugged and killed by people believed to be from the surrounding companionship. Students planned a peaceful induction to pass their messages of condolences and bereavement. The peaceful demonstration turned into a riot. As a student leader, I was capable to influence the rioting students and controlled the tempers. I reminded them of the importance of dialogue in solving such problems. Striking and equalisation properties would not help bring our friend back but only cause more footing to our surrounding community. The students adhered to my speech and continued with a peaceful demonstration.3. I come from a poor community where most of the students are unable to aerodynamic lift fee for their education. I am a good caseful of those helped by Imani Education Fund Group for needy students to attain their education. Every year the group conducts a thanks-giv ing ceremony. The ceremony provides a platform for raising more funds for needy students. I have been take part actively in this activity by soliciting funds and encouraging the society to contribute and help raise the next generation. With the help of my friends, I also organize and visit children orphanages. We usually give them our physical, mental, and spiritual support.4. erst I am through with my college, I intend to be employed by big companies analogous Google, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Microsoft and may others in the department of marketing or human resource manager. Completion of my education successfully will furnish me with good skills and knowledge on how handling such multinational companies in terms of human resource management and marketing. My knowledge of management will help me in controlling, directing, staffing, evaluating my staff at work. My knowledge of marketing will furnish me with knowledge of understanding the aspects of supply chain, comparative

Sourcing and Securing Talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sourcing and Securing Talent - Essay sheathDelta Service has high hopes for this radical class and they want a contribution mentality in place. As the newly decreed HR Manager for this company, I have been tasked to take charge of recruiting and sourcing new talents for the new division. Further, to be satisfactory to achieve a contribution mentality, I have been tasked to evince an appropriate reward and recognition system. With thorough query and analysis, here is the report on how the division will be made. Recruitment and Selection At present time, recruiting new talents to a company is very competitive. Bolton (1997) states that there are many companies who invest on recruitment strategies to make sure they have the vanquish talents on board. Employees are essential and compose a giving part of the success of the organization and McKenna & Beech (2009) also agrees with this. And with Delta Services new division, the company will need some(prenominal) new and experienc ed employees to form the technological innovation team. The team is to be composed of a skilful conductor and three Project Officers. For the position of the technical Director, we are looking for someone who has at least 10 years of experience in the field. For the Project Officer position, I believe it will be best to get a mix of experienced and new talents. This will allow for a unattackable mix of ideas and creativity. In sourcing for these new employees, it is best to do the outsourcing method. By outsourcing employees, it is more probable to get blank and new ideas for innovative products say Taplin (2007). However, the technical Director position is an exception. Insourcing method nominate be do when looking for a Technical director especially if the person has been with the company for years and completely understands the new strategy of Delta Services. He will make a good leader as he knows the commission and appropriate measures to take with his new team. Here are the categories of employees that are best to employ for the new division of the company It includes the newly graduated students, employees who has at least two years of work experience in the technological field, former employees of technological companies and employees who has at least 8-10 years of experience as a Technical Director. Now, let us proceed with the recruitment process. Again, recruiting new and quality employees can be a punishing task but definitely not impossible. In the recruitment process, we are to take both doddery and new strategies to make sure we cover all venues of recruitment. Tyson (1997) & Mathis & Jackson (1991) state that traditional methods include mailing stemma advertisements physically and online and these methods are still very effective up to date. We are also victorious in new methods of recruitment to reach more people. If we are to target newly graduates, Delta Services can offer attractive mentored internship programs. We can also laun ch a recruitment team for a job fair. We can post advertisements and job listings in key areas like colleges, universities and youth centers. Now, the recruitment for the Technical Director will need to be more specific. The executive search for this position can be through with(p) by the board members directly or by hiring an executive search company says Geuetal (2009). Most often, it is best to find a person for this position directly. Again, insourcing an employee for this position is a good decision. However, outsourcing for more experienced Technical Directors can

Aristotles Account on Happiness Essay Example for Free

Aristotles Account on Happiness EssayIn Book X of Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, he writes about merriment and happiness. Aristotle makes the point that happiness and diversion should not be confused with each other. He argues that pleasure is not good, but a good. Pleasure is not a process, and not all pleasures are desirable, so pleasure is not the coercive Good. However, happiness is not a process. It is an activity that serves as an end itself. Aristotle writes that happiness is our highest aim in life. He touches on the idea of manifestation being our highest rational faculties and like happiness, it is an end in itself. This quality is observed in happiness and contemplation, but not in practical activities.A supreme God could spend an entire lifetime only occupied with contemplation, so humans should strive to light upon this activity through happiness. Aristotle writes that all the moral virtues have to do with aspects of human life. These aspects are necessary i n life, but only secondary to the godlike act of contemplation. Humans need to act morally, but it is not a quality needed for contemplation. To contemplate means to admire something, or think about something. I consider that to be truly moral, you often have to contemplate your morals and know what you stand for and believe in. I believe that in order to be moral, you must be capable of deep contemplation and reflection. This differs from Aristotles belief that the two are not connected.

Tulsa Race Riot Essay Example for Free

Tulsa Race tumult EssayDuring the early 1900s, America has experienced an act of iniquity and despair. Envy became the motive to suppress the masses and the death of hundreds of innocent people became the result. But how did all of this supervene without any written record except for the amazing memories forever instilled in the minds of the victims? Where were the authorities? Where was the so called rightness that these people deserved? All of these questions replayed in my mind that night. On February 11, 2011, I attended an enrichment program at the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center at Morehouse College. At this enrichment program, there was a special see of the documentary Soundtrack for a Revolution followed up by a questions and answers segment. Before the showing, there was nice melodious performance presented by two individuals. The performance itself gave an overview of the Tulsa Race Riot. Shortly afterwards, the mental picture started. Prior to this event, I sop up the opportunity to do research on this tragedy about a year ago, but never had been as deeply concerned about the incident just by reading about it. The film was well put together and definitely caught my attention.Soundtrack for a Revolution told the story of Tulsa, Oklahoma during the early 1900s and how it was a bring inn of flourishing dingy business. Every wholenesss wealth within the black community helped advertize each others business. It literally was considered the Black Wall Street. The dollar there circulated more or less thirty to one thousand times and sometimes took an entire year before the currency left(p) the community. But, some people did not take a liking to the amount of wealth and success the black people of Tulsa, Oklahoma had. They grew envious and felt the need to suppress and even eliminate this epidemic.On whitethorn 31st through June 1st in 1921, they took action and for eighteen hours straight, they attacked. On those two days, hundreds of whites had gathered arms against the unarmed African Americans. So many of them were murdered and those who survived were left with nothing but tears and the painful memories. The movie forwarded to a more recent time and focused on the survivors of that dreadful day. It has been so many years since that event and the survivors have yet seen justice from the state and country whose purpose was to ensure their equality.Ive watched the film and how they were ignored by court judges and the only reconciliation that those who have managed to live real was nothing but a bronze metal. From what I have been watching, that piece of metal could not have given them proper justice. In the 1950s and 60s, America became a volatile and confused nation as the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum, and black Americans demanded equality, both in the eyes of the legal and social systems.Reverend Martin Luther King, younger orked tirelessly in the fight against injustice and inequality, and ultimat ely paid for his dedication with his very life. His main finale was to have peace for both whites and blacks. He wanted everyone no matter what color to get along and live among each other instead of being segregated. His advice, as his speech implies, was not to judge one another by the color of their skin but by the contents of their characters. This injustice that occurred in Tulsa was the lay claim opposite of Martin Luther King Jr. s vision for the world.This is why he fought so long and nasty for. As far as the survivors, I really hope that they will get the justice that they really deserve. I do not know exactly how they can accomplish this specifically, but I do know that, with persistence and being resilient, they will finally accomplish this long awaited justice. The Tulsa Race Riot was more than just a tragedy against another race, I believe it was another tragedy against mankind.

Proposal for relationship Essay Example for Free

Proposal for relationship EssayThe idea was ab push through to show sex dissimilitude through distinct aspects of pack. To do a nonch thinking ab go forth the topic. The docu manpowertary shows different views of what they think of sexual practice inconsistency or equality. thither are interviews that were conducted from different people from different background, races, sexual practices, and status. We generate conducted interviews of teachers, politicians general public, a barber, a corporate person and so on. Although the world has suffer so advanced but in that location are sex inequalities on high levels. Gender distinction is not just a conundrum in it slef, it is a major problem for the economy aswell. People still thinks wo hands if start going out for change by reversal will get dominant and powerfull over man and if she goes ot, she becomes commercial, people look them with different perspectives. though they forget, that women are to be respected and treated as she is supposed to and evanescen all her rights.GENDER contrastGender disagreement refers to incommensurate treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their sexual urge. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. Gender systems are lots dichotomous and hierarchical gender binary systems may reflect the inequalities thatmanifest in numerous dimensions of mundane life. Gender inequality stems from distinctions, whether empirically grounded or socially constructed. On differences betwixt the sexes. We will be expression into the following what causes inequality amidst women and men how does it arise, why does it take different arrive ats, why does it vary in degree across societies, what are the components that add up to gender inequality, how do various institutions and practices contribute to it, and how does it transmit?There is a coordination pro blem in social relations namely, for interactions between individuals to proceed smoothly, they must be open to synchronize their behavior. In US society, thither are umteen shared category systems employ to create parking lot knowledge. However, according to Ridgeway, these categories, must be so simplified that they can be apace applied as framing devices to virtually anyone to start the process of defining self and other in the situation. If you meet an unfamiliar person, you will, automatically and instantly, categorize them, and your interaction will proceed with this information in mind. In the US, the basic primary cultural categories include sex, race, and age. In general, men are believed to be especially more(prenominal) competent than women in male-typed settings (e.g. engineering, sports) and positions of authority, while women are advantaged in female-typed settings (e.g. childcare, communication).In mixed sex, gender neutral settings, men are believed to be mode stly and diffusely more competent. veritable(a) though these beliefs are based are based on the average woman and the average man, they become the default rules for coordinating behavior. So if e very(prenominal) bit qualified applicants apply for a male-typed job, such as a computer engineer, male applicants will be advantaged relative to female applicants. But if two equally qualified applicants apply to a female-typed job, such as a nanny, the woman would be more likely to receive the job offer. TYPES OF INEQUALITIESMortality inequality In some regions in the world, inequality between women and men directly involves matters of life and death, and takes the brutal form of outstandingly high mortality rates of women and a consequent preponderance of men in the total population, as opposed to the preponderance of women found in societies with little or no gender bias in health care and nutrition. Mortality inequality has been observedextensively in North Africa and in Asia, includ ing mainland chinaware and siemens Asia. Natality inequality Given a preference for boys over girls that many male-dominated societies have, gender inequality can manifest itself in the form of the parents wanting the newborn to be a boy earlier than a girl. There was a time when this could be no more than a wish (a moon or a nightmare, depending on ones perspective), but with the availability of modern techniques to determine the gender of the foetus, sex-selective abortion has become common in many countries. It is particularly prevalent in East Asia, in China and South Korea in particular, but as well as in Singapore and Taiwan, and it is beginning to emerge as a statistically significant phenomenon in India and South Asia as well.This is high-tech sexism. Basic facility inequality Even when demographic characteristics do not show lots or any anti-female bias, there are other slipway in which women can have less than a square deal. Afghanistan may be the only landing fiel d in the world the government of which is keen on actively excluding girls from schooling (it combines this with other features of massive gender inequality), but there are many countries in Asia and Africa, and to a fault in Latin America, where girls have faraway less chance of schooling than boys do. There are other deficiencies in basic facilities available to women, change from encouragement to cultivate ones natural talents to fair participation in rewarding social functions of the community. Special opportunity inequality Even when there is relatively little difference in basic facilities including schooling, the opportunities of high pedagogics may be far fewer for young women than for young men. Indeed, gender bias in higher education and professional training can be observed even in some of the richest countries in the world, in Europe and North America. Sometimes this type of subdivision has been based on the superficially upright idea that the respective provinces of men and women are just different. This thesis has been championed in different forms over the centuries, and has had much implicit as well as explicit following. It was presented with particular directness more than a hundred years before Queen Victorias complaint about womans rights by the Revd James Fordyce in his Sermons to Young Women (1766), a book which, as Mary Wollstonecraft noted in her A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), had been long made a part of womans library. Fordyce warned the young women, to whom his sermons were addressed, againstthose masculine women that would plead for your sharing any part of their province with us, identifying the province of men as including not only war, but also commerce, politics, exercises of strength and dexterity, abstract philosophy and all the abstruser sciences.Even though such clear-cut beliefs about the provinces of men and women are now rather rare, nevertheless the comportment of extensive gender asymmetry can be seen in many areas of education, training and professional work even in Europe and North America. Professional inequality In terms of employment as well as promotion in work and tune, women often face greater handicap than men. A country like Japan may be quite egalitarian in matters of demography or basic facilities, and even, to a great extent, in higher education, and yet progress to elevated levels of employment and occupation seems to be much more problematic for women than for men. In the English television series called Yes, Minister, there is an point where the Minister, full of reforming zeal, is trying to find out from the immovable permanent secretary, Sir Humphrey, how many women are in real senior positions in the British civil service. Sir Humphrey says that it is very difficult to give an exact number it would subscribe to a lot of investigation. The Minister is still insistent, and wants to know approximately how many women are there in these senior positions. T o which Sir Humphrey finally replies, Approximately, none. Ownership inequality In many societies the ownership of property can also be very unequal.Even basic assets such as homes and land may be very asymmetrically shared. The absence of claims to property can not only reduce the voice of women, but also make it harder for women to enter and flourish in commercial, economical and even some social activities.2 This type of inequality has existed in most parts of the world, though there are also local variations. For example, even though traditional property rights have favoured men in the bulk of India, in what is now the State of Kerala, there has been, for a long time, matrilineal inheritance for an influential part of the community, namely the Nairs. Household inequality There are, often enough, basic inequalities in gender relations within the family or the signboardhold, which can take many different forms. Even in cases in which there are no overt signs of anti-female bias in, say, option or son-preference or education, or even in promotion to higher executive positions, the family arrangements can be quite unequal in terms of sharingthe burden of housework and child care. It is, for example, quite common in many societies to take it for granted that while men will naturally work exterior the home, women could do it if and only if they could combine it with various inescapable and unequally shared household duties.This is sometimes called division of labour, though women could be for apt(p) for seeing it as accumulation of labour. The reach of this inequality includes not only unequal relations within the family, but also derivative inequalities in employment and recognition in the extracurricular world. Also, the established fixity of this type of division or accumulation of labour can also have far-reaching effects on the knowledge and understanding of different types of work in professional circles. When I firstly started working on gender ineq uality, in the 1970s, I remember being struck by the fact that the Handbook of Human Nutrition Requirement of the World wellness Organisation (WHO), in presenting calorie requirements for different categories of people, chose to classify household work as sedentary activity, requiring very little deployment of energy.3 I was, however, not able to determine precisely how this remarkable bit of information had been collected by the patrician leaders of society.FACTS near GENDER INEQUALITYThe five countries with the best record of gender parity are Iceland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the Philippines. Iceland holds the top role for the fifth year in a row and continues to be the country with the narrowest gender gap in the world. The U.S. is at number 23, falling behind several countries that it has tried to bomb or colonize, such as Cuba and Nicaragua, or moralize at, such as Burundi. (Official U.S. government goals in Burundi are to help the people of Burundi realize a just and las ting peace based upon democratic principles and sustainable economic development.) The U.S. also is only at number 17 in gender parity out of the 49 high-income countries that have been measureda rather poor showing for a country that tops the chart when it comes to high incomes. fit to one recent study, incomes among the top 1 percent in the U.S. rose by 31.4 percent between 2009 and 2012, while incomes for everyone else grew just 0.4 percent.This wealth is obviously not going toward ensuring gender equality. China, the emerging economic adversary to the U.S., is at number 69 with a steadydeterioration in its gender relations since 2010. China and the U.S. have the greatest number of millionaire households, and China has seen one of the biggest economic booms in recent years. It is thus terrible that in China, just like in the U.S., the sole beneficiaries of this boom has been the rich. The disparity is particularly clear in certain key areas for instance, the report ranks China at 133, almost to the very bottom of all the countries surveyed, in the Health and Survival category. Indeed, some of the leading affluent nations perform very poorly on the Health and Survival Category. Israel, for example, is at 93 falling below the country it demonizes regularly Iran The five countries with the poorest record for gender parity are Mauritania, Syria, Chad, Pakistan and Yemen. Not to permit the national ruling classes of these countries off the hook, but its important to repeat in mind that these countries have all been the victim of devastating imperia total policies and violence from the West. Along with colonialism, dawdler strikes and International Monetary Fund demands, we can also add the resultant gender disparity to the list of the Wests gifts to these countries.GENDER EQUALITYGender equality is the measurable equal representation of women and men. Gender equality does not imply that women and men are the same, but that they have equal value and should be accorded equal treatment. The united Nations regards gender equality as a human right. It points out that empowering women is also an indispensable tool for move development and reducing poverty. Equal pay for equal work is one of the areas where gender equality is seldom seen. All too often women are paid less than men for doing the same work. This is one of the reasons that the absolute majority of the worlds poor are women around 70% of the people who live in positive poverty, on less than US$1 a day, are girls and women. Suffrage (the right to vote) is another area of gender equality that still does not extend to all the women in the world. Saudi Arabia does not give women the right to vote in the USA right wing commentators say that women should never have been given the right to vote. The importance of gender equality is highlighted by its inclusion as one of the 8 millenary Development Goals that serve as a framework for halving poverty and improving lives. Despitethis , discrimination against women and girls (such as gender-based violence, economic discrimination, reproductive health inequities and harmful traditional practices) remains the most pervasive and persistent form of inequality.CONCLUSIONDespite modernization and acknowledgment of right, we still see countries facing the problem of gender inequality and let most to suffer from this are developing countries. After the research we can conclude that inequality does not only brings in stress and problems along it but also economically affects. The relationship between economic and gender equality is very clear. there are people who still do not allow women to go ut and work. We still think women are not supposed to go out and work as they go out they will get dominant over men. Girls are remote early from schools. Early marriages. Those who work have a glass ceiling or are not allowed to go on higher posts then men. And so on so forth. If we remove this gender inequality, let the women wo rk educate them, they will not only be contributing with the man to run the house expenses but also help in economy less dependent people, more bread earning therefrom a good lifestyle. With such an inflationary economy where prices are going up, one person is not enough to earn and feed the family. A women who is educated, can raise her children in a very cultivated and appropriate way with good moral and ethnic values. A healthy home comes with educated women.BIBILOGRAPHYAmartya Sen. many a(prenominal) faces of gender inequality. FRONTLINE. Volume 18 Issue 22, Oct. 27 Nov. 09, 2001 Sex differences in humans . http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality Tithi Bhattacharya. Measuring gender inequality. report on the gender gap internationally. from http//socialistworker.org/2013/11/04/measuring-gender-inequality

Sociological Theories Response Essay Example for Free

Sociological Theories Response EssayIn the Virgin Islands there is program that is run by the police force by the name of SADD (Students against Destructive Decisions). The program is run by local guard Officers with the involvement of the Chief police force. in that location are as well as volunteers that are made up of parents and some clientele personnels. This program helps children and adolescents make wise choices when it comes to their actions and choosing their friends. The program assists with after school care that includes homework help, tutoring and literacy help. There are also sports programs, counseling and outreach upport for those that are in need. The fear aspect helps young adolescents with preparation of resumes and business etiquette when it comes to job searches. For me this program holds true to the social structure theory because it embodies all aspects of uplifting, nurturing and educating young adolescents and children to do right(Virgin Island Pol ice Department, 2010). My next program that I will look at is one that embodies social process theories. The saucily Zealand National Parliament implemented a program called Family Group Conferencing.This program embodies child and younker personal matters that range from care and protection matters to social welfare problems. The program helps individual and their families with education, healthcare and assists with curbing youth delinquency. This program also gives considerable decision making power to individuals rather than the state when it comes to parents and their families. They also ply funding to programs on child subsidy, helping parents who are unemployed to find and keep jobs (Cengage Learning, 2010).The Social divergence theory is known as society as a whole always battling for what is ight and trying to substantiate ones belief unto someone else. It is people fighting for a justice that they feel should be equaled across the boards, whether or not it affects a c ertain group of people the goal is to have and keep the less privileged at a level of low poverty. The Cooke, Fannin and Grayson County Juvenile Boot Campis facility that helps boys between the ages of 12 through with(predicate) 17 years old. Their goal is to keep those troubled individuals out of the justice system through counseling, therapy and sufferance of ones actions.The boot camp is established as a leader in providing top otch programs to juvenile offenders and it also has specialized commons that serves sex offenders and substance abuse offenders. Their goal is a tone by step program that offers educational, therapeutic and socio-education opportunities. Discipline and physical activities are also part of the curriculum. The programs belief are world in a structured but nonrestrictive environment helps these young men begin a process of trust. By building on that platform the individuals will be able to be conformable within societal norms (Cook, Fannin and Grayson C ounty Boot Camp, 2009).

Indigenous Health Essay Example for Free

indigenous Health EssayThe poor wellness vista of innate Australians is a contemporary reflection of their historical discussion as Australias conventional owners. This treatment has led to original Australians experiencing social disadvantages, significantly low socio- economic status, dispossession, poverty and powerlessness as a verbatim result of the institutionalised racism inherent in contemporary Australian society. endemic populations have been the carers and custodians of Australia and the Torres phone for a period in excess of 60,000 years before being invaded/colonialised by the British on January 26, 1788 (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). Before this time, it is suggested that endemical Australians lived relatively affluent lives and enjoyed generally better wellness than well-nigh people living in Europe (Hampton Toombs, Indigenous Australian concepts of health and well-being, 2013).The arrival of introduced diseases, dampicularly smallpox, caused considerable loss of life among Indigenous Australians. The impact of this is loss extended far past beyond the ready victims of disease, affecting the very fabric of Indigenous societies through with(predicate) depopulation and social disruption (MacRae, et al. , 2012). Whilst introduced diseases were the some substantial part of the Indigenous Australians mortality, death caused by direct conflict also turn overd significantly (Elder, 2003).Traditionally, Indigenous Australians had complete self-direction over all parts of their lives such as, ceremonies, spiritual practices, medicine, social relationships, management of land and law and economic undertakings (Saggers Gray, 1991). In addition to the impacts of introduced diseases and conflict, Indigenous Australians also experienced ill effects related to dis connecter from republic due to the spread of colonists and their subsequent political policies.For an Indigenous Australian, Country is not just physical grime but the central aspect of their identity (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). Occupation and colonialism impacted far beyond the physical, as Indigenous Australians had their culture devalued, conventional food sources destroyed, and were sepa vagabondd from their families and in some cases inviolate communities were dispossessed.This led to disruption or loss of languages, beliefs and social structures which form the underlying basis of Indigenous cultures. These impacts, prompted British colonists to develop several different political policies of institutionalised racism to address the real and perceived issues regarding Indigenous Australians. The first of these policies was defenseism (1788 1890s). Prior to Protectionism British colonies practiced exclusion as they assumed Terra Nullius and seized control of the land, evicting Indigenous Australians from their traditional Country.The negative impacts this had on Indigenous Australians eventually forced colonial authorities to establish Aboriginal resistance boards (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). The first was established in Victoria by the Aboriginal Protection Act of 1869, with the other colonies following with similar legislation, to protect Indigenous populations within their boundaries (Parliament of Victoria, 1869). The protection provided under the non-homogeneous Acts imposed enormous restrictions on the lives of many Indigenous Australians.These restrictions include dictating where Indigenous Australians could live and not live, and line up out limitations on exploit, marriage, employment, earnings and ownership of property. The child welfare provisions of the Acts underpinned the removal of Aboriginal children from their families and communities by compulsion, duress or undue influence (State Library of Victoria, 2014). The Nati onal Inquiry into the separation of the children concluded that in the midst of one-in-three and one-in-ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970 (Wilkie, 1997).It was the 1960s, at the earliest, when the various protection Acts were every abolished or discontinued. In the early 1890s, protectionism gave way to state and commonwealth government regimes of segregation. In the development of the constitution, politicians included sections specifically excluding Indigenous Australians, such as the white Australia indemnity, ensuring that racism became entrenched in the new acress future.Reserves and missions were set up far from white settlements, to exclude and control Indigenous Australians, especially those of mixed descent (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). By the 1950s all state governments invoked a new policy called assimilation (19 50s 1960s), which aimed to eliminate Indigenous cultures, religion and languages. Assimilation was based on the belief that if living conditions were improved, Indigenous Australians were to be absorbed into White Australian society (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013).After the failure of the assimilation policy, governments aimed their sights towards Integration (1960s 1980s). Integration was a step towards multiculturalism by allowing Indigenous Australians and non-Anglo European immigrants to keep certain aspects of their culture whilst conforming to mainstream white Australian society. During 1970s Indigenous Australians were beginning to become acknowledged as Australian citizens, this led to the development of the self-determination and self-management (1970s-1990s) programs (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013).These policies were based on the slow acceptance of multi culturalism and the beginnings of Indigenous Australians involvement in Australian politics, although the real amount of self-determination available to them was limited. When these polices were found to be ineffective the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (CAR) was established in 1992 to overcome differences and inequities between Indigenous Australians and the wider Australian community (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013).The Reconciliation movement (1990s-present) seeks to advocate for Indigenous Australians rights, their place in our shared history and to establish economic independence among Indigenous Australians in order to promote equality for all Australians (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). Whilst government policy appears to be moving in the right direction, we are still a long way away from Indigenous autonomy and self-determination.All of these policies had a very detrimental effect on the health of Indigenous Australians both in terms of physical and mental health issues, many of which have continued through to contemporary times. Perhaps the most poignant of these impacts are those that have resulted from the Stolen Generations. There is much dispute adjoin when colonial authorities began removing Indigenous children from their families and communities, although many experts believe that it was very soon after the establishment of the British colony in Australia (Duffy, 2000).Children with Indigenous mothers were seen to be legally neglected at birth, and removed from their families, communities and in most cases their culture, to be raised right up until the latter part of the 20th Century (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). Because of these practises, many Indigenous Australians have deep psychological and mental health issues that continue to incrust them today.Modern l iterature tells of many instances of suicide and ongoing identity issues, emerging from the torment of being unordered from family, culture and country. The status of Indigenous Health has been impacted severely by the Stolen Generations and other past political science practises. For many Indigenous Australians, the ongoing effects of protection and the forced separation of children from their families compound other social, frantic and physical disadvantages (Wilkinson Marmot, 2003).These disadvantages are embodied by the Social determinants of health, including economic opportunity, physical infrastructure, and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. Inequalities in these are especially evident in education, employment, income, housing, access to services, social networks, connection with land, racism, and incarceration rates (McDonald, 2010).In all of these factors, Indigenous Australians experience substantially lowe r rates than non-Indigenous Australians, with the most worrying being that Indigenous Australians have a significantly lower life expectancy rate and overall health status, than their non-Indigenous counter-parts. These inequalities, combined with the social attitudes towards Indigenous Australians and their health in contemporary Australian society, contribute to the difficulties Indigenous Australians have accessing adequate healthcare.It is also difficult to provide adequate healthcare for Indigenous Australians as many service providers do not understand how Indigenous Australians conceptualise health. Until recently, there was no crystallise term in Indigenous languages for health as it is understood in western society (Eckermann, 2010). The traditional Indigenous perspective of health is holistic. It encompasses everything important in a persons life, including land, environment, physical body, community, relationships, and law.Health is the social, emotional, and cultural s ocial welfare of the whole community and the concept is therefore linked to the sense of being an Indigenous Australian. This conceptualisation of health has much in common with the social determinants model and has crucial implications for the simple application of a health check model as a means of improving Indigenous health. Whilst the purely medical approach is doubtlessly useful in identifying and reducing disease in individuals, but its limitations in addressing population-wide health disadvantages, such as those experienced by Indigenous people, must be recognised.It is important to remember that policies and practises of the past have had study adverse impacts on the health of contemporary Indigenous Australians, and these impacts have contributed significantly to the inequalities present in Indigenous and non-Indigenous health status. However, whilst health disadvantages experienced by Indigenous Australians are considered to be historical in origin, the continuation of the disadvantages relies heavily on contemporary structural and social factors.

Cultural and Relationship Values Analysis Essay Example for Free

Cultural and Relationship Values Analysis EssayBaderman Island revivifys has decided that it is a good succession to implement a impertinently employee handbook. Please be sure to read this memo in its total to understand why the handbook has been changed. Baderman Island revivify continues to grow in popularity and brings all types of travelers to the island. Because of this, the Boardman Management Group thinks that having a well-developed employee handbook will be beneficial for current and future employees. Also, The Boardman Management Group understands how important it is that both employee understand the organizations specific goals, cultural values. As well as understanding the importation of each member of the organization to providing the finest customer service to our guests. Baderman Island Resorts will be changing to follow a more compliance-based cultural system. Boardman Management Group feels that this change will allow for increased growth, success and pro fitability. This tonic system is not meant to discourage the employees from continuing to take the initiative to be self-motivating and to continue to provide character reference customer service. The internet blog section will continue to remain so employees can bother suggestions and offer ideas.This new handbook will still encourage anindividual-based culture. Employees ar responsible for their own rail line performance and for making sure that they follow the policies and procedures. Although there will indeed be times when a team-based culture will be necessary in order to complete certain duties accurately and successfully. The flush and mass statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests impoverishments and desires atomic number 18 met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. There has been a change to the committal and vision statement that discusses the future additi ons and attr consummations that are the process of developmental stages which will show the future and current guests that the Baderman Island Resort will be the place to visit in the future.The first thing that will be cover in the new employee handbook will be employer rights. This will intromit health and safety, diversity, affirmative action and due process procedures. There will also be coverage of the employee rights as well. This will include the same items covered in the employer rights. The final use of the employee handbook will be as a training, reference, and compliance tool to help the organization stay organized and focused on the goals and objectives of the company. Employees will be able to stay knowledgeable on the policies and procedures, and to remind the employees of the employers responsibilities and their rights.My hope is that this memo has been informative towards the new employee handbook and the direction that Baderman Island Resorts is heading towards. I believe that the new employee handbook will be an sharp tool for the employees to prevent confusion and questions that the employees may have.Employee Handbook for Baderman Island ResortMission and Vision of Baderman Island ResortThe mission and vision statement for all employees is the quality customer service, an extraordinary vacation experience where the guests needs and desires are met above and beyond, and to guarantee the guests will not be disappointed. Cultural Values of Baderman Island ResortBaderman Island Resort has the whimsey that in order to continue to succeed in the current market that the organization will need to become a morecompliance-based culture. To ensure that all laws are followed to make sure that the integrity of the company and employees is followed. Employee RightsBaderman Island Resort is an Equal Opportunity Employer (EEOC). The companys philosophy is to recognize individual attributes and values that each employee brings to the line of work with respect and acknowledgement. By recognizing these principles it will allow the company to successfully reach its goals of providing excellent customer go and ultimately corporate profitability. Employer RightsBaderman Island Resort has contracted with an employment law firm to provide legal advice and to negociate any employee/employer disputes and EEOC issues. Baderman also has the responsibility to ensure a safe and healthy work place for all employees. However in the event that an employee is injured on the job or becomes ill, workers compensation and FMLA leave are offered as well.

A Change of Heart Essay Example for Free

A careen of Heart EssayA Change of Heart I was only fourteen years old. The time had come for me to make a decision, to necessitate between two destinies. It was the time for me to decide whether I would maintain the plain look and keep my mummy jeans, or whether I would ditch those loser jeans and go with the sleek skinny jeans. Though most bulk wouldnt consider this a matter worth debating over, it reached the highest of my concerns. Knowing the knowledge that we live in a judgmental world, a place where people judge based on outward appearance, I went with the resource that was clear I must invest in the skinnies. The mall was the place for a guy care me to be After me and my brother arrived, we browsed a large variety of pants. Red, yellow, black, and white, the clothing stores contained m whatsoever unique fashions and colors. The prices make everything easy the higher the price, the better the product Due to my brother, who has the fashion sense of a queen, I was sp ring for the looks of awesomeness. He would tell me what matches and what does not. I trusted him.After all, it was him that got me interested in this style Now that I have this tremendous change of heart, there aint no going back. Never in a million years would I trade a duet of my tight-around-the-booty jeans for a yucky, bland pair of mom jeans like I used to have. I remain thankful for the fun tradition me and my brother have of broin out together at the mall and movies. The memories and knowledge I have gained goes higher than any mountain Ive ever climbed.

Are Concerns over Immigration to Do with Culture of Economic Reasons Essay Example for Free

Are Concerns over Immigration to Do with Culture of stinting Reasons EssayAlmost wholly economists be in balance that immigration has positive stinting effects. then in the United States it provides natives with a net benefit of at least $80,000 per immigrant, or as practically as $10 billion annually (Bolin, 2006). However despite this there are spacious rime of advocacy groups pushing the pros and cons immigration to the populations of the host countries, with natives having prejudicial views towards immigration (McLaren Johnson, 2007).Through the course of this essay I allow for examine whether the root ca example of these a good deal xenophobic views towards immigration run through root causes in economic reasons (immigrants taking jobs from natives, and leading to lower locks) or symbolic reasons, where the natives are fearful that the immigrants will shoot their culture to the host farming and cause change. Enoch Powell, the Conservative British politician , gave a warning that immigrants were causing such(prenominal) strife that like the Roman, I seem to see the River Tiber foaming with much blood (Powell, 1969).This turned knocked out(p) to be non reason, and his advice that immigrants should be encouraged to leave, would confine left Britain, and many other countries that rely on crummy foreign toil in a horrific state of affairs. Immigrants are now taking cold capaciouser to integrate into their host country and this is upsetting many natives. In the past a third-generation migrant, for as yett in the States, would have been expected to have shed much of his grandparents identity (The economic expert, 2008), not speaking his engender tongue and having exact loyalty to the country his family originated from.This is changing as migrants feel loyalty to to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than wizard country (The Economist, 2008). For example, Moroccans in Europe, even fourth generation, are encouraged by the Go vernment to identify with the African country, and are granted Moroccan citizenship under the constitution. As many source countries such as India and mainland China grow intent on gaining remittances from their emigres, migrants even several generations on whitethorn come under ample pressure to retain some of their old identity (The Economist, 2008).This can all lead to immigrants never meet fully integrated into the host country, causing social problems such as immigrants bunching together in the resembling place. Due to globalisation and time-space compression, it has constitute far easier for migrants to emigrate further away from their birth country, this causes problems as they later on have slender in common with their host country and find it harder to integrate into the community.Traveling long distances to emigrate is no longer a problem and in the future there will be the problem of people moving greater distances and settling among polar ethnic, religious and cu ltural groups (The Economist, 2008), center they will have problems integrating. Danes in Sweden or Albanians in Greece have little trouble integrating into the relatively beaten(prenominal) societies next door. Even Poles in Ireland prosper, perhaps thanks to the incomers good standard of education and skill and the divided Catholic faith.But Iraqis in Sweden, Somalis in Canada or Pakistanis in Norway typically find integration harder (The Economist, 2008). Samuel melt downington blames this on the great divisions among humankind (Huntington, 1993) that are the differences between civilisations. He believes that immigration will intensify civilization reason and awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations (Huntington, 1993). This leads to a them versus us attitude, with the natives having the xenophobic view that the immigrants are qualitatively different from themselves.As the natives of the host country would have spent time construc ting discursive practices that attempt to fix meanings which enable the differentiation between the inside and the outside to be made (Doty, 1996), they will resent immigrants not decent integrating themselves into the community. Research on social identity appears to conclude that identity is highly important to individuals, with individuals protect these identities even if they have no realistic meaning (Monroe, et al. , 2000). People use these identities to provide a sense of self (Sniderman, et al. 2004), partly in order that they may distinguish between those similar to themselves and those different.The identities tend to have their basis in perceptions of differences (McLaren Johnson, 2007)with those viewed as outsiders design to have radically different values and approaches to life. The threat represent by minorities and immigrants may be symbolic in nature and may stem from concerns about the expiry of certain values or ways of life (McLaren Johnson, 2007), due to im migrants having a significant presence in the host country.Immigrants also often congregate in areas of the host country, London for example has a huge immigrant and minority presence with only 44. 9% classing themselves as White British (Gye, 2012), in the 2011 census. This all intend that natives are fearful that immigrants will cause them to adapt or change their ways of life. Migrants who preserve a strong religious sense that cuts across any national loyalty may be the hardest of all to assimilate into broadly secular Western societies. In the post-9/11 world Muslims are often seen as being the greatest cultural threat to Western societies.In a recent survey McLaren and Johnson mensurable anti-Muslim feeling in the United Kingdom. They found that 62% of people agreed with the statement that British Muslims are more loyal to Muslims around the world, than to other Britons, only 12% disagreed. Only 30% of Britons felt that Muslims vivification in Britain were committed to Brit ain, with 47% feeling that they could never be committed to Britain. 52% of people thought that Britain would begin to lose its identity if more Muslims came to live there.Clearly there is considerable anti-Muslim feeling in Britain and concern that British-Muslims pose a threat to the identity and culture of Britain (McLaren Johnson, 2007). Most economists are in agreement that immigration has very little effect on natives wages this should mean that natives wont oppose immigration based on the misbelief that immigrants lower wages. Although conventional economic wisdom states that an growing in supply of labour will lead to a decrease in price, this doesnt happen.Friedberg and Hunt conclude that a 10% increase in immigrant levels in the population, decreases wages by 1% (Friedberg Hunt, 1995). Economist Francisco Revera-Batiz came to the same conclusion, noting that although immigration has increased the supply of low skilled workers into the United States, there has been very little impact on the wages of high school dropouts, the lowest skilled people in America (Rivera-Batiz, 1998). One of the most influential studies is Cards 1990 study on the Miami Labour market after(prenominal) the sudden influx of 125,000 Cuban immigrants in 1980 due to a sharp downturn in the Cuban economy.Surprisingly the arrival of so many immigrants didnt affect native wages, although it did lower the overall wage level in Miami due to the immigrants being employed in low-wage jobs (Card, 1990). This tallies with the outcomes of other natural experiments in recent history such as the homecoming of 600,000 Portuguese after the collapse of their empire in Africa in 1974-76, the return of 900,000 Frenchmen from Algeria in 1962 (The Economist, 2008) or the influx of 610,000 Russian Jews into Israel 1990-94, increasing the labour force by 12% all had negligible effects on native wages.Immigrants dont decrease wages because as well as increasing the supply of labour, they become a domestic consumer for goods as well as services, they create jobs as consumers and fill jobs as producers (Bolin, 2006). A high total population, ceteris parabus, will lead to the achievement of more goods and services, boosting the host countries gross domestic product (GDP). In some rare cases immigrants can even boost natives wages. Illegal Mexican immigrants, who are predominantly low skilled (Bolin, 2006), have a positive effect on other workers wages (Bean, et al. 1998).This is due to immigration increasing the productiveness of native workers by taking low-skilled jobs, freeing higher-skilled workers to work in higher-skilled employment where they can be more productive (Bolin, 2006). Based on the results of a telescope of economists, using results based on a range of methodologies (Bolin, 2006), it can be seen that immigrants have a small negative impact on native wages, although in the first place low-skilled workers. Based on this, natives shouldnt be concerned over i mmigration levels based on their own wages falling.The popular theory that immigrants come over here and take our jobs, has been shown to hold very little truth, as most studies find no or negligible effects (Bolin, 2006) on employment rates. The lump of labour fallacy is the mistaken idea that there are a set number of jobs in the economy, and when an immigrant takes 1 of those jobs, it is a job lost for a native. This is incorrect for three reasons. Firstly, by coming to a country immigrants increase the supply of labour and hence reduce wages.In turn, cheaper labour increases the potential return to employers to fabricate new factories or expand their operations. In so doing, they create extra demand for workers (Grinda, 2006), and more jobs are created. Secondly, immigrants are consumers as well as producers. When there is a large influx of immigrants such as the 610,000 Russian-Jews into Israel in the early 1990s, they are in need of goods and services. People are employed to provide these goods and services, meaning more jobs added to the economy, and immigrants simply enlarge the economy.Thirdly, immigrants are 10 to 20 percent more likely to become entrepreneurs and start their own business than natives (Briggs Moore, 1994). In 1999, The Wall Street Journal reported that Chinese and Indian immigrants run nearly 25% of the high-companies started in Silicon Valley since 1980The 2,775 immigrant-run companies had total sales of $16. 8 billion and more than 58,000 employees (Thurm, 1999). Immigrants not only take jobs, they make jobs. They open new businesses that employ natives as well as other immigrants and themselves. And they do so in important numbers (Simon, 1999).Similarly, the findings by Friedberg and Hunt discovers no demonstrate of economically significant reductions in native employment. Card, as well as examining the impact of the Muriel boatlift on wages also examined the impact of it on employment. Even though Miamis men was increased b y 7%, virtually overnight, with an influx of relatively unskilled Cuban workers he finds no evidence of an increase in unemployment among less skilled blacks or other non-Cuban workers. Rather the data analysis provokes a unusually rapid absorption of the Muriel immigrants into the Miami labour force (Card, 1990).Again with immigrants impact on wages, the evidence seems to suggest that a lack of evidence that immigration causes native unemployment. This should mean that concerns over immigration should not be linked to worries over employment. Due to immigrants being disproportionately low-skilled (Bolin, 2006) they tend to have lower wages than natives. It is often assumed therefore that they depend more upon the eudaimonia system than natives. The level of benefits are often higher in the host country than the source country, and it is often suggested that it is this difference that brings in migrants.Borjas coined the term welfare magnet effect (Borjas, 1999), making the poin t that immigrants are drawn to the country with the highest benefits. This however has all been shown to be on the whole false, and many economists believe that over the long term immigrants more than pay for the public services they use (Simon, 1999). In the United States most immigrants, including Mexicans, are usually less likely than comparable natives to receive welfare, with the per capita cost of social welfare for immigrants being 8% less than the per capita cost for natives (Bean, et al. 1998).It is plain to see that objections to immigration come from those who are worried about the identity and culture of their nation being eroded, rather than for economic reasons. Immigrants are solving many problems for the host countries, such as the problems of aging populations and those participating in the workforce being increasing choosy about the jobs they do. Immigrants have few economic disadvantages, although high immigration may bring about a small decrease in jobs for the natives, the tax revenue that they bring in more than displaces this negative effect.As the immigrants have little impact on jobs, and simply create more jobs in the economy, disproving the lump of labour fallacy, they dont have a negative impact on wages which is a positive for the economy as a whole. The argument that immigrants have a negative impact on the identity and culture of a nation holds some truth. Due to the fact that a nations identity is made up of what its inhabitants believe it to be, immigrants having different views, can water this identity down.

An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps Essay Example for Free

An inner(a) View of the U.S. Marine Corps hearThe retain of account First to Fight An Inside View of the U. S. Marine Corps by Marine adult male(a) Victor H. Krulack is about the life and journey of the marines. The author is a legend in the Marine Corps, and this book is his way of showing the world of the struggles and the fights that the Marines went through and still do today. The author begins by saying that the book contains some parts about history and legend and the other parts about his opinion on certain issues involving the Marines. This book is able to touch the lives of many because the author, using his personal experiences and that of his fellow Marines, conveys the very centerfield of being in the Marine Corps. The stories of his life serve as inspiration to those in the overhaul. He was a former Lieutenant General and as such, everything that he has written in his book is very sympathetic to the readers because of its authenticity. People respect his opi nion and they want to know his perspective on the controversies that have been around for preferably some time.The book successfully shows how the Marines were able to deal with and get past their challenges, and it as well explores the potential conflicts that may be encountered in the future. The author reviews intensely the very core foundation of the Marines by examining the war where they participated in. Examples would be the encounter of Khe Sanh in Vietnam war and the 1950 Inchon landing that happened in Korea. Gen.Krulak illustrates in the book how the cooperation of both the Corps and the navy paved the way for one of the most unforgettable operations in the history of battles (Krulak, 1999). He also provides an explanation of why and how the United States Military chain of command works the way it does today. This book is wide read mainly because the author is able to portray the relationship of the Marines with others engaged in the public service especially during t rying times like the period of World War II.The author has successfully transferred into run-in the importance of being a Marine and how it feels like to be one, and he has succeeded in showing the world the reason tail the reputation of the marines, and the reason for their existence is not because of what they can contri exactlye to the country but because the country believes in what they can do. First to Fight not only brings a new brain wave about marines in action, but it also provides political strategies and tactics because not all battles ar won and fought in the field, and the Marine Corps has proven their worth and competence both in and out of the battle field.Gen. Krulak firmly states that what makes the U. S. Marine Corps great is their solidarity. They are more than just military machines they are a brotherhood of people, and reading this book makes a person appreciate the past and the great workforce behind it (Krulak, 1999). History shows that the United States has been through a lot of war. Some of them are won and some are lost. In the conclusion of his book, the authors parting words are that the Marines should always be aware of what they stand for and pertain the challenges uprightly without making any compromises.These very words are the reason why these noble men should be given utmost respect. The country will not be what it is today if not for their bravery. They fought catchy for the country, and reading this book is one way of acknowledging and appreciating them and giving them the recognition that they deserve. Reference Krulak, V. H. (1999). First to Fight An Inside View of the U. S. Marine Corps. New York US Naval Institute Press.

Reliability and validity Essay Example for Free

dependableness and inclemency EssayNormally when a survey and research is carried out the results should be quized to prove whether they ar valid and reliable. Therefore I have come out with the following responses to judge the following students pervert or right. Student build one has no concrete ideas on what hardness and reliability path. In the first place boldness is not judgmental but objective. For the response to be valid the results should be seen to be working and practical. Reliability according to student one is a little bit applicable and I can therefore accept it. He/she argues out correctly that comparing the responses of groups pools and relating the accuracy of the out comers can achieve reliability. thus far one thing that has been ignored is that for the response of this student to be reliable then it should be through repeatedly is when comparisons on the accuracy can be do. Student one has not got the exact importation of validity since a data is only valid when it has been tested and the results or outcome is accepted. This is always done at some levels of confidence interval. One cannot just pass a judgment that given development is valid before testing the results.For the second student reliability is properly defined and explained. For a data to be reliable automatically the test result should be logical. Student two likewise has a twinkling(prenominal) idea on validity. A good test it said to reliable and valid if it is consistent and measures exactly what it tends to measure. I believe that the results that the students will get from the use of the healthy eating index as a tool on the changing quality of nutrient intake for 9th grade female athletes at the love joy high school will be accepted.The third student is a bright statistician as he/she uses a lot of statistics to express his mind. Results of a test will be reliable when they are consistent. Consistency is achieved after several repetitions of the test are done. His/her reaction on validity is also okay. The research measurement tool should only measure what it purports to measure. The different types of validity are also discussed clearly by this student. Student 4 is completely mixed up on differentiating the term validity and reliability.Basically validity is not whether or not the research explains or measures what he/she said he would be measuring. The validity should be based on the fact that the test should measure exactly what it is to measure. once more for results to be reliable they should be consistent after several experiments performed. You can use an instrument that gives immaculate results but this doesnt mean that the results will be reliable. His findings on the course curriculum may be misleading or not trusted in the long run.The fifth student is also wrong on the way he responds to validity and reliability. His argument is subjective in nature. Reliability doe not mean ability to be able to rely on the resea rch instrument but it means the concord of the results produced by the research instrument. The sixth student is judged right on how he defines the term validity and reliability. However he does not know how validity and reliability is achieved. It is not a matter of relying on the test tool and how it is administered but the tool should be able to test the exact thing it is articulate to test.Therefore relying on the test tool can create results that are not valid and reliable. The seventh student has not properly brought out the exact meaning of the two terms. Reliability has to do with the consistency of the test results. Therefore some measuring tool should be used. Success of any study cannot be generalized unless it is tested and found to be consisted and accurate. This is when we can rely on the results. The eighth student summarizes the interchange on the two terms very smartly.To be simple and to avoid confusion a test is valid if it measures what is says to measure. Th en very smartly he defines reliability as the consistency of measurements. All the data collected from the survey he wanted to carry will be reliable if they are consistence. otherwise I have no objection with his argument when he says that validity reliability assure that tests and results are done and performed in the most accurate manner.ReferenceLouis, C. (2003). Research Methods in Education New York Routledge Publishers.